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Catalan nationalism is the nationalist ideology which asserts that Catalans are a nation and promotes the cultural unity of Catalans. Intellectually, Catalan nationalism can be said to have commenced as a political philosophy in the unsuccessful attempts to establish a federal state in Spain in the context of the First Republic. Valentí Almirall i Llozer and other intellectuals that participated in this process set up a new political ideology in the 19th century, to restore self-government, as well as to obtain recognition for the Catalan language. These demands were summarized in the so-called ''Bases de Manresa'' in 1892. It met very little support at first.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Adiós, España )〕 But after the Spanish–American War in which the United States invaded and annexed the last of the Spanish colonies, these early stages of Catalanism grew in support, mostly because of the weakened Spanish international position after the war and the loss of the two main destinations for Catalan exports (Cuba and Puerto Rico). ==Several forms of contemporary Catalan nationalism== Being a broad movement, it can be found in several manifestations in the current political scene. Most of the main Catalan political parties—Convergence and Union (CiU), Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC), Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC),〔(Declaration in the 11th Congress of PSC )〕 Initiative for Catalonia Greens (ICV) and Popular Unity Candidature (CUP)—adhere to Catalanism to varying degrees. The scope of their national objectives diverges as well. While some restrict them to Catalonia-proper alone, others seek the acknowledgment of the political personality of the so-called ''Catalan Countries'', the Catalan-speaking territories as a whole. Such claims, which can be seen as a form of Pan-nationalism, can be read in official documents of CiU,〔(Catalunya a Europa i el món, Ponència de CiU )〕 ERC 〔(Declaració ideològica d'ERC )〕 and Popular Unity Candidates (CUP).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Serveis :: Avellana Digital :: )〕 Besides Catalonia, the main Catalan-speaking regions have their own nationalist parties and coalitions which support, to varying degrees, the demands for the building of a national identity for the Catalan Countries: Valencian Nationalist Bloc (BNV)〔(Ponència del Bloc Nacionalista Valencià ) 〕 in the Valencian Community, Bloc Nacional i d'Esquerres,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=PSM-Entesa Electronic Cigarettes - )〕 PSM and Majorcan Union (UM) in the Balearic Islands. Other nationalist parties have existed with additional affiliations such as PSC - Reagrupament whose leader Josep Pallach i Carolà died in 1977. The two main Catalan nationalist parties have shown their commitment to the idea of the Catalan Countries in different ways and with different intensities. For CiU, this issue is not among the main items in their agenda. Nevertheless, the CiU has enjoyed a long term collaboration with the Valencian party BNV〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Notícies )〕 and with the Majorcan parties UM〔(Index of / )〕 and the Socialist Party of Majorca (PSM).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=PSM-Entesa Electronic Cigarettes - )〕 In contrast, Esquerra Republicana de Catalunya (ERC) has taken more substantial steps in that direction by expanding the party to Roussillon, Balearic Islands and—as Republican Left of the Valencian Country (ERPV)—the Valencian Community. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Catalan nationalism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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